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如何在Windows中正確地使用“真正的”Linux

Posted on Edited on In
8.2k 7 mins.

本文简单介绍我的环境setup，随缘更新。

0x00 初衷

出于种种原因，需要在Win10中的terminal中使用一個“完整版”的Linux。众所周知，WSL就是个残废，于是有了本文。

本文采用的方案則是：Windows Terminal + Terminal settings + wsl + VMware VM + VMware自启脚本，实现开机自启no gui的ubuntu 18.04，其后运行terminal的時候无感知对该vm发起ssh。

0x01 设置VMware虚拟机

  • 我下载的是Desktop版，安装时选择Mini版本，时区选择HongKong，最后skip。

（可以选中国时区，可以裝完，没想到还是有147个包，所以还是skip吧。

  • 配置桥接网络静态IP 192.168.99.96。

0x02 设置WSL

其实这一步不是必须，但是经过测试，powershell或者cmd在结束连接后，会在下一次连接时出現令人菲姐的[?1;0c符号，因强迫症而改用wsl.exe进行跳板连接。

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Win10安装Ubuntu子系统教程（附安装图形化界面） - Windows10.Pro
https://windows10.pro/bash-on-ubuntu-on-windows/

之后在wsl中生成wsl公私钥并传送給VMware.

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# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -C "m4d3bug@wsl"
# ssh-copy-id m4d3bug@192.168.99.96

0x03 设置Windows Terminal

  • 下载，安裝。下面是它的配置文件。（ctrl + ,）

  • 由于Terminal默认启动powershell，需要修改default的guid，使其自动连接。

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    // This file was initially generated by Windows Terminal 1.0.1401.0
    // It should still be usable in newer versions, but newer versions might have additional
    // settings, help text, or changes that you will not see unless you clear this file
    // and let us generate a new one for you.

    // To view the default settings, hold "alt" while clicking on the "Settings" button.
    // For documentation on these settings, see: https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation
    {
        "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",

        "defaultProfile": "{c6eaf9f4-32a7-5fdc-b5cf-066e8a4b1e40}",

        // You can add more global application settings here.
        // To learn more about global settings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-global-settings

        // If enabled, selections are automatically copied to your clipboard.
        "copyOnSelect": false,

        // If enabled, formatted data is also copied to your clipboard
        "copyFormatting": false,

        // A profile specifies a command to execute paired with information about how it should look and feel.
        // Each one of them will appear in the 'New Tab' dropdown,
        //   and can be invoked from the commandline with `wt.exe -p xxx`
        // To learn more about profiles, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-profile-settings
        "profiles":
        {
            "defaults":
            {
                // Put settings here that you want to apply to all profiles.
            },
            "list":
            [
                {
                    "guid": "{c6eaf9f4-32a7-5fdc-b5cf-066e8a4b1e40}",
                    "hidden": false,
                    "name": "Ubuntu-18.04",
                    "source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl",
                    "commandline": "wsl.exe ssh -X m4d3bug@192.168.99.96"
                },
                {
                    "guid": "{a8202b0e-781a-5dab-98e2-e9d469a63619}",
                    "hidden": false,
                    "name": "CentOS8",
                    "source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl",
                    "commandline": "wsl.exe ssh -X m4d3bug@192.168.99.93"
                },
                {
                    // Make changes here to the powershell.exe profile.
                    "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
                    "name": "WSL",
                    //"commandline": "powershell.exe wsl.exe ssh -X m4d3bug@192.168.99.96",
                    "commandline": "powershell.exe wsl.exe",
                    "hidden": false
                },
                {
                    // Make changes here to the cmd.exe profi le.
                    "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
                    "name": "CMD",
                    "commandline": "cmd.exe",
                    "hidden": false
                },
                {
                    "guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
                    "hidden": false,
                    "name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
                    "source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
            },
                
            ]
        },

        // Add custom color schemes to this array.
        // To learn more about color schemes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-color-schemes
        "schemes": [],

        // Add custom keybindings to this array.
        // To unbind a key combination from your defaults.json, set the command to "unbound".
        // To learn more about keybindings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-keybindings
        "keybindings":
        [
            // Copy and paste are bound to Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V in your defaults.json.
        // These two lines additionally bind them to Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
            // To learn more about selection, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-selection
            { "command": {"action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+c" },
        { "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+v" },

            // Press Ctrl+Shift+F to open the search box
            { "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },

            // Press Alt+Shift+D to open a new pane.
            // - "split": "auto" makes this pane open in the direction that provides the most surface area.
            // - "splitMode": "duplicate" makes the new pane use the focused pane's profile.
            // To learn more about panes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-panes
            { "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "auto", "splitMode": "duplicate" }, "keys": "alt+shift+d" }
        ]
    }

0x04 VMware VM开机自启

  • 创建脚本，注意替换自己的路径以及双引号

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    "D:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\VMware Workstation\vmrun.exe" start "G:\Virtual Machines\ubuntu18.madebug.net\ubuntu18.madebug.net.vmx" nogui

  • 之后保存在以下路径：

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    C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp

0x05 个人Ubuntu的使用设置

  • 关闭sudo的密码验证

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    $ sudo visudo 
    26 %sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
    $ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu18.madebug.net
    $ sudo vim /etc/hosts
    127.0.0.1       localhost
    127.0.0.1       ubuntu18
    127.0.0.1       ubuntu18.madebug.net
    ...

  • 安裝fish

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    $ sudo apt install fish

  • 安裝omf

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    $ curl -x http://192.168.99.99:1081 -L https://get.oh-my.fish | fish
    $ chsh -s /usr/bin/fish

  • 为m4d3bug的fish shell和root的bash shell设置proxy

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       $ cat /etc/profile.d/bash_proxy.sh
    #!/bin/bash
       function proxy_off() {
            unset HTTP_PROXY
            unset HTTPS_PROXY
            unset FTP_PROXY
            unset SOCKS5_PORXY
            unset http_proxy
            unset https_proxy
            unset ftp_proxy
            unset socks5_proxy
            echo -e "已关闭代理"
       }

       function proxy_on() {
            export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
            export MY_PROXY_URL="http://192.168.99.99:1081"
            export HTTP_PROXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export HTTPS_PROXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export FTP_PROXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export SOCKS5_PORXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export http_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export https_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export ftp_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export socks5_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            echo -e "已开启代理"
       }
       $ cat /etc/fish/conf.d/proxy.fish
    #!/bin/bash
       function proxy_off
            set -e HTTP_PROXY
            set -e HTTPS_PROXY
            set -e FTP_PROXY
            set -e SOCKS5_PORXY
            set -e http_proxy
            set -e https_proxy
            set -e ftp_proxy
            set -e socks5_proxy
            echo -e "已关闭代理"
       end

       function proxy_on
            export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
            export MY_PROXY_URL="http://192.168.99.99:1081"
            export HTTP_PROXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export HTTPS_PROXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export FTP_PROXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export SOCKS5_PORXY=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export http_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export https_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export ftp_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            export socks5_proxy=$MY_PROXY_URL
            echo -e "已开启代理"
       end
       $ npm config set proxy http://192.168.99.99:1081
       $ npm config set https-proxy http://192.168.99.99:1081
       $ git config --global http.proxy http://192.168.99.99:1081
       $ git config --global https.proxy http://192.168.99.99:1081

  • 设置bash prompt，root用红色提示

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    Ubuntu
    # cat >> .profile << EOF
    function prompt_color_on (){
            if [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ]; then
    #               export PROMPT='%F{10}%n@%m%f:%F{12}%~%f%# '
                    export PROMPT="%F{135}%n%f@%F{166}%m%f %F{118}%~%f %# "
                    export PS1='\[\e[01;31m\]\u@\h\[\e[00m\]:\[\e[01;34m\]\w\[\e[00m\]\# '
            else
    #               export PROMPT='%F{10}%n@%m%f:%F{12}%~%f\$ '
                    export PROMPT="%F{135}%n%f@%F{166}%m%f %F{118}%~%f %$ "
                    export PS1='\[\e[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\e[00m\]:\[\e[01;34m\]\w\[\e[00m\]\$ '
            fi
    }

    if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
            prompt_color_on
    else
            prompt_color_on
    fi
    EOF

    CentOS
    # cat >> /etc/profile.d/prompt.sh << EOF
    #!/bin/bash
    function prompt_color_on (){
            if [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ]; then
    #                export PROMPT='%F{10}%n@%m%f:%F{12}%~%f%# '
    #                export PROMPT="%F{135}%n%f@%F{166}%m%f %F{118}%~%f \# "
                    export PS1='[\[\e[01;31m\]\u@\h\[\e[01;31m\] \[\e[01;31m\]\w\[\e[00m\]]# '
            else
    #                export PROMPT='%F{10}%n@%m%f:%F{12}%~%f\$ '
    #                export PROMPT="%F{135}%n%f@%F{166}%m%f %F{118}%~%f %$ "
                    export PS1='[\[\e[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\e[00m\] \[\e[01;34m\]\w\[\e[00m\]\$ '
            fi
    }

    if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
            prompt_color_on
    else
            prompt_color_on
    fi
    EOF

  • 设置byobu

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    $ apt install byobu -y
    $ byobu-select-backend
    1 tmux
    $ byobu-enable

  • 设置虚拟机共享宿主机目录，能share自然不copy。

https://img.madebug.net/m4d3bug/images-of-website/master/blog/sharewithVM.png

0x06 设置x11转发

xorg - Setting up X11 forwarding over SSH on Windows 10 Subsystem for Linux? - Super User

0x07 结语

摆脱wsl一大步

0x08 更新

2021/07/10 真的有更新，换成Ubuntu20.04了，并且把fish换成了zsh，配置文件直接拷了kali的出来，高亮插件和自动补全的都有。 并且设定了新的自动挂载分享文件。

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.host:/         /mnt/hgfs               fuse.vmhgfs-fuse allow_other,defaults,nonempty   0       0

0x09 鸣谢

Welcome to my other publishing channels